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The Bristol stool scale, Bristol stool chart, Bristol stool form scale, or BSF scale〔(Gut Sense ) What Exactly Are Normal Stools?, Konstantin Monastyrsky. Accessed July 2015〕 is a medical aid designed to classify the form of human feces into seven categories. Sometimes referred to in the UK as the Meyers scale,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Meyers Scale )〕 it was developed by Dr. Ken Heaton at the University of Bristol and was first published in the ''Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology'' in 1997. The authors of that paper concluded that the form of the stool is a useful surrogate measure of colon transit time. That conclusion has since been challenged as having limited validity, and only in types 1 and 2 when the subject is not constipated. However, it remains in use as a research tool to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments for various diseases of the bowel, as well as a clinical communication aid.〔Bristol scale stool form. A still valid help in medical practice and clinical research G Riegler, I Esposito – ''Techniques in coloproctology'', 2001 – Springer〕 The Bristol stool scale is part of the diagnostic triad for irritable bowel syndrome: pain/discomfort (quality and quantity); bowel habit (quality and quantity); and bloating (in women). The seven types of stool are: * Type 1: Separate hard lumps, like nuts (hard to pass) * Type 2: Sausage-shaped, but lumpy * Type 3: Like a sausage but with cracks on its surface * Type 4: Like a sausage or snake, smooth and soft * Type 5: Soft blobs with clear cut edges (passed easily) * Type 6: Fluffy pieces with ragged edges, a mushy stool * Type 7: Watery, no solid pieces, entirely liquid Types 1 and 2 indicate constipation, with 3 and 4 being the ideal stools (especially the latter), as they are easy to defecate while not containing excess liquid, and 5, 6 and 7 tending towards diarrhoea. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bristol stool scale」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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